Fungi as Indicators of Indoor Air Quality: A Survey of a Building in a University

Abstract

Indoor air quality (IAQ) significantly impacts human health, with fungal contamination being a major concern. At King Abdulaziz University, 160 samples were collected from 40 rooms, including classrooms, staff offices, microbiology laboratories, and toilets. These samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated at 28 °C for 7 days. Initial identification based on morphology was followed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA analysis, revealing 11 species across eight genera. The most prevalent fungi included Aspergillus niger (183 CFU), Penicillium chrysogenum (139 CFU), and Cladosporium halotolerans (135 CFU), while Curvularia hawaiiensis and A. ustus were rarely isolated (10 and 19 CFU, respectively). Effective mitigation strategies should focus on controlling humidity and ensuring proper ventilation. Continuous monitoring and management are essential for reducing fungal contamination, improving air quality, and safeguarding human health from airborne fungi. This study highlights the need for proactive measures to create healthier indoor environments.